https://doi.org/10.4081/uij.2025.338
Urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms among pregnant women and their affecting factors
Submitted: 5 August 2024
Accepted: 29 January 2025
Published: 19 February 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2025
Abstract Views: 20
PDF: 8
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Pregnancy and childbirth are the main risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction. The main manifestations of this disorder are lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary incontinence (UI). Studies on the prevalence and risk factors of these conditions are essential for early diagnosis and comprehensive management. However, until now, there has been no comprehensive study of the prevalence and risk factors for pregnant women in Jakarta. Therefore, this observational cross-sectional analytic study was carried out to determine the prevalence of UI and LUTS and the factors that influence them. The subjects (n=236) of this study were pregnant women who came for routine check-ups at the Jakarta area Health Center from April 2021 to March 2022. Patients with a history of incontinence, multiple pregnancies, uncontrolled diabetes, neurological disorders, or a history of previous surgery were excluded from the study. The risk factors assessed were maternal age, gestational age, parity, body mass index, and previous obstetric history. We found that 8.5% had stress UI, 14% had urgency UI, and 1.6% had mixed UI. Urinary complaints were found in the form of frequency (59.3%), nocturia (87.3%), urgency (33.1%), hesitancy (8.9%), and straining (0.8%). There were only 5.1% of subjects who did not have any urinary complaints. The risk factors for LUTS and UI were advanced maternal age and trimester of pregnancy.
Kok G, Seven M, Guvenc G Akyuz A. Urinary incontinence in pregnant women : prevalence, associated factors, and its effects on health-related quality of life. J Wound Ostomy Cont Nurs 2016;43:511-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/WON.0000000000000262
Balik G, Guven AS, Tekin YB, et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2016;8:120-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/luts.12082
de Oliveira C, Seleme M, Cansi PF, et al. Urinary incontinence in pregnant women and its relation with socio-demographic variables and quality of life. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2013;59:460-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ramb.2013.08.002
Wijma J, Weis Potters AE, de Wolf BT, et al. Anatomical and functional changes in the lower urinary tract during pregnancy. BJOG 2001;108:726-32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00123.x
Sangsawang B, Sangsawang N. Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment. Int Urogynecol J 2013;24:901-12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-013-2061-7
Barbosa L, Boaviagem A, Moretti E, Lemos A. Multiparity, age and overweight/obesity as risk factors for urinary incontinence in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J 2018;29:1413-27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-018-3656-9
Solans-Domenech M, Sanchez E EPM. Urinary and anal incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum: incidence, severity, and risk factors. Obs Gynecol 2010;115:618-28.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d04dff
Abdullah B, Ayub SH, Zahid AZM, et al. Urinary incontinence in primigravida: the neglected pregnancy predicament. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016;198:110-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.01.006
Retnoningrum E. Prevalensi Perempuan dengan gejala saluran kemih bawah menggunakan kuesioner ICIQ-female lower urinary tract symptoms long form tervalidasi bahasa Indonesia dan metode konvensional di RS cipto mangunkusumo Jakarta. Available from: https://lib.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20391113&lokasi=lokal. [Material in Indonesian].
Haylen BT, De Ridder D, Freeman RM, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J 2010;21:5-26.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-009-0976-9
Adaji SE, Shittu O, Bature S, et al. Bothersome lower urinary symptoms during pregnancy: A preliminary study using the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire. Afr Health Sci 2011;11:S46-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v11i3.70070
Anzaku A, Mikah S, Utoo B. Prevalence and determinants of lower urinary tract symptoms before and during pregnancy in a cohort of Nigerian women. Sahel Med J 2014;17:96-101.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1118-8561.140291
Groutz A, Helpman L, Gold R, et al. First vaginal delivery at an older age: does it carry an extra risk for the development of stress urinary incontinence? Neurourol Urodyn 2007;26:779-82.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.20414
Dinç A. Prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and associated risk factors. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2018;10:303-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/luts.12182
Liang CC, Chang SD, Lin SJ, Lin YJ. Lower urinary tract symptoms in primiparous women before and during pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012;285:1205-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-011-2124-2
van Breda HMK, Bosch JLHR, de Kort LMO. Hidden prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in healthy nulligravid young women. Int Urogynecol J 2015;26:1637-43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-015-2754-1
Sammour HM, Abou-gamrah AA, Sabaa H, et al. Assessment of prevalence of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Nature Sci 2017;15:44-51.
Nygaard I, Brubaker L, Zyczynski HM, et al. Long-term outcomes following abdominal sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse. JAMA 2013;309:2016-24.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.4919
Ouchi M, Kitta T, Suzuki S, et al. Evaluating pelvic floor muscle contractility using two-dimensional transperineal ultrasonography in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. Neurourol Urodyn 2019;38:1363-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.23987
How to Cite
Simatupang, O. N. N., & Priyatini, T. (2025). Urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms among pregnant women and their affecting factors. Urogynaecologia, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/uij.2025.338
Copyright (c) 2025 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
An Open Access Publication is one that meets the following two conditions:
- the author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship, as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use.
- a complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and long-term archiving.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Similar Articles
- Ileogben Sunday-Adeoye, Patrick Okonta, Ogbonnaya Lawrence Ulu, Prevalence, profile and obstetric experience of fistula patients in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria , Urogynaecologia: Vol. 25 No. 1 (2011)
- F. Bernasconi, G. Pisani, G. Orfanotti, S. Arienti, G. Marelli, EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTIONS IN THE FEMALE DIABETIC POPULATION , Urogynaecologia: Vol. 15 No. 3 (2001)
- M. CERVIGNI, G. ORTICELLI, M. BOLOGNA, F. NATALE, E. SALVATORI, G. DI LORETO, P. DIONISIO, SINGLE-DOSE PRULIFLOXACIN VERSUS SINGLE-DOSE PEFLOXACIN IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN WOMEN , Urogynaecologia: Vol. 17 No. 2 (2003)
- A. Albiero, A. Gazzoni, S. Giudici, S. Poggi, L. Fedele, EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT SURGICAL PROCEDURES IN THE TREATMENT OF SUI AND GENITAL PROLAPSE , Urogynaecologia: Vol. 15 No. 3 (2001)
- Abdullahi Khalid, Abdullahi Alhassan, James Oche Ejembi, Abdullahi Abdulwahab-Ahmed, Atypical presentation of vesicouterine fistula (Youssef’s syndrome) post-caesarean gossypiboma: a case report , Urogynaecologia: Vol. 35 No. 1 (2023)
- Harold P. Drutz, FEMALE URINARY INCONTINENCE IN CANADA , Urogynaecologia: Vol. 16 No. 3 (2002)
- M. CERVIGNI, G. ORTICELLI, M. BOLOGNA, F. NATALE, E. SALVATORI, G. DI LORETO, P. DIONISIO, SINGLE-DOSE PRULIFLOXACIN VERSUS SINGLE-DOSE PEFLOXACIN IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN WOMEN , Urogynaecologia: Vol. 18 No. 3 (2004)
- V. LEANZA, M. BOLOGNA, N. GASBARRO, TENSION-FREE TECHNIQUES IN UROGYNAECOLOGICAL SURGERY , Urogynaecologia: Vol. 19 No. 2-3 (2005)
- S. Bandiera, G. Raciti, A. Aloisi, M. Arena, R. Giordano, G. Giunta, M.G. Matarazzo, R. Morello, F. Rapisarda, S.G. Vitale, A. Cianci, DOUBLE TRANSOBTURATOR APPROACH TO TREATING CYSTOCELE , Urogynaecologia: Vol. 22 No. 3 (2008)
- Minoru Kobayashi, Akinori Nukui, Shinsuke Kurokawa, Tatsuo Morita, Persistence and adherence of solifenacin treatment for Japanese women with overactive bladder , Urogynaecologia: Vol. 26 No. 1 (2012)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.